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Skills and Gifts: A settlement in the order of Han and Han dynasties
Author: Wang Zijin
Source: “Jiangsu Master Fan Major (Philosophy and Social Science Edition)” 2021 No. 2.
Abstract: Since ancient times, “Treunion” and “law” have been combined, and the coordination has become the pillar of determining the order of society. It can be seen that the “foot” that starts to support the movement of standing and real space position from the standpoint of the human race is strictly regulated by the noble name of “gift”. Taking the Han Dynasty as an example, the specification setting for “shopping” has become one of the manifestations of the social position of the body. “Take a sword to the hall” is the right to the top figures of the political group. The favorite of “Confucius Lu” to join me is in the Western Wuku, which shows that this historical relics have the meaning of the main symbols of civilization. “Shou” is a movement stipulated in the gift system, and it also expresses the degree of guilt. This is different from the walking method of those with low composition. The comprehensive norm of political system in social life has become the traditional paradigm of Chinese civilization. The “shoe” on the soles of the feet is the same as the “crown” on the top, and it is combined to form a level feature that is aimed at the personal body.
Author introduction: Wang Zijin (1950- ), male, from Wu’an, Hebei Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, important research on history research in Qin and Han.
The “Greeting” and “law” have been combined very early, and the coordination structure forms the basis and pillar for determining the social order. Through the assessment of the social history of Han大官网新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有新有� The level of the “Greetings” is marked as a “Greetings”. Among them, there are clear requests for the shape, material and color of “slips” and “slips”. The specification setting for “slip” is one of the manifestations of the social position of the body. “The priest brings sashes to the hall” has become the right to become a high-end decision-maker of the political group. “Confucius Lu” joined me as a treasure and loved by the Western Wuku, and realized its meaning as a symbol of the main civilization symbol. “Stay” is a movement stipulated in the gift system, and it also expresses the degree of guilt, which is different from the walking method of those with low composition. The comprehensive norm of political system in social life has become the traditional paradigm of Chinese civilization. As a level of symbols that appear in people’s bodies, it includes the most true “crown” and the most true “track” in the costume. “Su” becomes a place to settle in a certain meaning.
1. Qin II said that those who saw the ministers Chen Lu were good at going because of their misfortune”
Zhe’s Volume 6 of the New Book, “Years” describe a bad plot in the childhood of Hu Hai of Qin II: “The Second Emperor Hu Hai was the son of the emperor, and Kun’s younger brother was many. He placed wine and slandering the ministers and summoned the ministers to eat and slaughter the food first. Hu Hai, the princess, and the ministers Chen Lu was good at taking action.Falling and going 1. After saying that, everyone will stop. When the second generation ascended the throne, everyone knew that the whole country had abandoned it. ”2 From the conjecture of “The Marquis’s hearing, everyone will rest”, the story was revealed before the Qin Dynasty. Volume 6 of “The History Records” “The First Year of the Second Emperor, the Year 21” 3, it can be seen that Hu Hai was a child under the age of 9. This is suitable for Cao Jie, a man from the three countries, “Hu Hai was a harsh teaching for a young man.” 4.
A story explains the importance of the quality and color of the upper society on “shoes” and “shoes” in Qin. Others also explain the system of the time, “the temple is in the hall to be untied” 5.
Scholars in the Ming Dynasty once analyzed the “giftsmen” of “taking the stools into the hall”: “The predecessors sat on the ground, ate beans, and also built on the ground. Therefore, those who sit in the elders will not walk up to the hall. Take off the shoes when you go in and take off the shoes when you go out. Even if you even stolen, you can kneel down and worship. If you put your shoes on the hall now, you may feel that you are not satisfied with your shoes. ”6 This is the meaning of “taking the sway into the hall” in order to facilitate, be clean and tranquil. The discussion on the “Guoqian” and traced the ancient customs of the rituals: “In ancient times, those who sat in the elders did not go to the hall, and those who did not dare to be in charge of the sway. “7 rules emphasize their respect. Hui Shiqi, a native of the Qing Dynasty, analyzed: “The swallows are in the hall, but the walking sticks are not in the hall, so they are kept in the remote place of Your Majesty. Therefore, Hu Hai, Your Majesty, was defeated. If you have eighty sticks in court, you will walk on the hall and walk on the hall, which is a strange number. ”8 This is the situation where this custom has become a tradition of the gift system.
Jia, as a teacher, once taught the truth about Changsha and Liang. 9. He told the story about “Hao Hu Hai, who saw the good ministers Chen Lu’s good behavior, went because of his actions.” This is a comparison with the story of the Chu State Order Sun Shuao. The story about “li” can help us understand and understand the custom of the gift system at that time.
2. The “Great Swords and Shoes to the Hall” system
Xu, a famous minister in Western Han Dynasty, was an important minister in the realization of the country’s founding affairs of Emperor Gaozu of Han, and received special treatment that he could “Great Swords and Shoes to the Hall”. Volume 53 of “The History Records” “The Family of the People” recorded: “… So he ordered Shoes to the Hall to take Shoes to the Hall, and refused to go to the court. ”11《Houhan BookBaoqing Volume 36 “Chen Yuanqi” says: “Gao Emperor is favored by the country”, Li Qin’s note: “Why is the prime minister? Emperor Gao gave up his stools to the palace, but he did not go to the court without hesitation”12. The author thinks that this kind of favor has the meaning of “gratulation”.
Liang Ji, a foreign relative of Donghan, also enjoyed this kind of favor. “Long Han Book” Volume 34 “Liang Ji”: “…So a minister reported that Ji did not go to the court, but he did not go to the palace, but he did not go to the palace, but he was not famous for his stools. “13 At the end of Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo, the authority minister, entered the capital to control the government affairs with the elements of the military valve of the Weizhou province, and also enjoyed the highest treatment of his ministers. Volume 6 of “The Book of Wei·Dong Zhuo” read: “Zhuo was appointed as the governor of the country and was granted the title of Marquis of the Mausoleum. He was not named after the court of worship and was not named, and went to the hall. ”14
The latter followers also included Cao Cao, a strong politician. Volume 1 of “The Book of Wei·The Emperor Wu” records: “The Emperor ordered the emperor to worship and not be named, and he went to the court without saying goodbye. If he went to the court, he would go to the hall. What if he did it? Pei Songzhi’s note quoted “The Book of Wei”: “Xinwei, a corps reported to Taizhu and planned to go to the hall. When the corps was in the middle of the Jiawu period, he ordered the temple to go to the hall. The order said: ‘The consent was to be used as a temple to go to the hall to go to the hall. I was ordered by Xi to take the temple to go to the hall without saying goodbye. Now I have something to go to the hall to go to the hall to go to the hall to go to the hall to go to the hall to go to the hall to go to the hall to go to the hall if I have something to go to the hall. Now I respect the ancestors and replace the king, and respect my father and ancestors and make the monarch simple, so I dare not go to the hall to go to the hall.’” 15 Cao Zhen and Cao Shuang also obtained this special authority in the Cao Wei government. Volume 9 of “The Book of Wei·Cao Zhenqi” writes: “In Luoyang, he was in great power, and he went to the palace to go to the court without saying goodbye.” Volume 9 of “The Book of Wei·Cao Shuangqi” records: “Emperor Ming died, King Qi ascended the throne, and was appointed as the Minister of Shuang, and was renamed the Marquis of Wu’an, with 2,000 households in the town. He went to the palace to go to the palace to go to the court without saying goodbye, and he was not called the court.” 16
The Sima family’
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